第 1 章緒論 ...............................................................................................11.1計(jì)算機(jī)編程基礎(chǔ)....................................................................... 11.1.1 計(jì)算機(jī)編程過程 ................................................................ 21.1.2 計(jì)算機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)語言 .......................................................... 31.1.3 高級(jí)語言的執(zhí)行機(jī)制 .......................................................... 41.2Python 語言概述 ..................................................................... 51.2.1 Python 語言的誕生和發(fā)展 .................................................. 51.2.2 Python 語言的特點(diǎn) ............................................................ 61.2.3 Python 語言的應(yīng)用生態(tài) ..................................................... 71.3構(gòu)建 Python 開發(fā)環(huán)境 .............................................................. 81.3.1 Python 開發(fā)環(huán)境簡(jiǎn)介 ........................................................ 81.3.2 下載 Python 安裝包 ........................................................... 91.3.3 Python 安裝和驗(yàn)證 .......................................................... 111.3.4 Python 編程和運(yùn)行 .......................................................... 141.4Python 程序及編寫規(guī)范 .......................................................... 161.4.1 IPO 程序編寫方法 ........................................................... 161.4.2 一個(gè)完整的 Python 程序 .................................................. 171.4.3 Python 的注釋規(guī)則 .......................................................... 181.4.4 Python 的縮進(jìn)規(guī)則 .......................................................... 191.4.5 Python 程序編寫規(guī)則 ...................................................... 19 1.4.6 命名規(guī)范 ........................................................................ 20 小結(jié) ............................................................................................. 21 習(xí)題一 .......................................................................................... 21第 2 章Python 語法基礎(chǔ)..........................................................................232.1Python 對(duì)象 ..........................................................................242.1.1 Python 中的對(duì)象 ............................................................. 242.1.2 Python 的標(biāo)識(shí)符 ............................................................. 242.1.3 常量............................................................................... 252.1.4 變量............................................................................... 252.2數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)類型 ......................................................................... 272.2.1 整數(shù)類型 ........................................................................ 272.2.2 浮點(diǎn)數(shù)類型 ..................................................................... 28I2.2.3 復(fù)數(shù)類型 .....................................................................292.2.4 邏輯類型 .....................................................................302.3 運(yùn)算符 .............................................................................. 302.3.1算術(shù)運(yùn)算符 ..................................................................302.3.2 賦值運(yùn)算符 ..................................................................342.3.3 關(guān)系運(yùn)算符 ..................................................................342.3.4邏輯運(yùn)算符 .................................................................. 362.3.5 身份運(yùn)算符 ..................................................................372.3.6 位運(yùn)算符 .....................................................................382.3.7 運(yùn)算符的優(yōu)先級(jí) ...........................................................402.4 輸入輸出語句 ..................................................................... 412.4.1 輸出函數(shù) print() ...........................................................412.4.2 格式化輸出 ..................................................................432.4.3 輸入函數(shù) input() 及擴(kuò)展 ................................................472.5 常用內(nèi)置函數(shù) ..................................................................... 492.5.1 對(duì)象操作函數(shù) ...............................................................492.5.2 數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù) .....................................................................502.5.3 數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù) ...............................................................522.6 Python 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù) ................................................................... 552.6.1 math 模塊 ...................................................................552.6.2 random 模塊 ...............................................................582.7 綜合案例 ........................................................................... 60 小結(jié) ......................................................................................... 62 習(xí)題二 ...................................................................................... 62第 3 章容器數(shù)據(jù)類型...............................................................................673.1容器數(shù)據(jù)類型概述 .............................................................. 683.2序列的操作 ........................................................................ 693.2.1 常用的序列操作............................................................693.2.2 序列的操作——函數(shù)和方法 ............................................733.3字符串 .............................................................................. 793.3.1 字符串基本操作 ...........................................................793.3.2 字符串的常用函數(shù) ........................................................813.3.3 字符串的常用方法 ........................................................833.3.4 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù) string 模塊 ........................................................85II目 錄3.4列表 .................................................................................... 863.4.1 列表的創(chuàng)建和修改 ......................................................... 873.4.2 列表的常用函數(shù)............................................................. 873.4.3 列表的常用方法............................................................. 893.5元組 .................................................................................... 923.6字典 .................................................................................... 943.6.1 字典的創(chuàng)建 ................................................................... 953.6.2 字典的訪問 ................................................................... 963.6.3 字典常用的內(nèi)置方法 ...................................................... 983.6.4 字典的應(yīng)用 ..................................................................1023.6.5 字典和列表的比較 ........................................................1043.7集合 .................................................................................. 1043.7.1 集合的創(chuàng)建 ..................................................................1053.7.2 集合運(yùn)算 .....................................................................106 3.7.3 集合的常用內(nèi)置方法和函數(shù) ............................................108 小結(jié) ......................................................................................... 109 習(xí)題三 ...................................................................................... 109第 4 章程序的控制結(jié)構(gòu) ......................................................................... 1134.1 程序的控制結(jié)構(gòu)概述 ........................................................... 1144.2 程序的選擇結(jié)構(gòu).................................................................. 1144.2.1 單分支結(jié)構(gòu) ..................................................................1144.2.2 雙分支結(jié)構(gòu) ..................................................................1154.2.3 多分支結(jié)構(gòu) ..................................................................1164.2.4 判斷條件和組合 ...........................................................1174.2.5 選擇結(jié)構(gòu) ：條件表達(dá)式 ..................................................1194.3 程序的循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu).................................................................. 1204.3.1 遍歷循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu) for ..........................................................1204.3.2 列表推導(dǎo)式 ..................................................................1224.3.3 條件循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu) while ......................................................1234.3.4 循環(huán)控制語句 ...............................................................1254.3.5 循環(huán)嵌套 .....................................................................1284.4 綜合案例 ........................................................................... 129 小結(jié) ......................................................................................... 139 習(xí)題四 ...................................................................................... 139IIIPython 程序設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)第 5 章函數(shù) ...........................................................................................1455.1 函數(shù)的概念 ....................................................................... 1465.1.1 函數(shù)的定義和調(diào)用 ....................................................... 1465.1.2 函數(shù)的調(diào)用過程........................................................... 1475.2 函數(shù)的參數(shù)與返回值 .......................................................... 1485.2.1 實(shí)參和形參 ................................................................. 1485.2.2 實(shí)參與形參的傳遞 ....................................................... 1495.2.3 函數(shù)的返回值 .............................................................. 1515.2.4 無參函數(shù) .................................................................... 1525.3 參數(shù)的類型 ....................................................................... 1525.3.1 位置參數(shù) .................................................................... 1525.3.2 默認(rèn)參數(shù) .................................................................... 1535.3.3 關(guān)鍵字參數(shù) ................................................................. 1545.3.4 可變長(zhǎng)度參數(shù) .............................................................. 1545.4 lambda() 函數(shù) .................................................................. 1565.5 變量的作用域 .................................................................... 1585.6 遞歸 ................................................................................. 1605.6.1 遞歸的定義 ................................................................. 1605.6.2 遞歸的調(diào)用過程........................................................... 1605.6.3 遞歸的實(shí)現(xiàn) ................................................................. 1615.6.4 Fibonacci 數(shù)列 ........................................................... 1615.7 綜合案例 .......................................................................... 164 小結(jié) ........................................................................................ 169 習(xí)題五 ..................................................................................... 169第 6 章文件 ...........................................................................................1726.1文件基本操作 .................................................................... 1726.1.1 文件概述 .................................................................... 1726.1.2 文件的打開和關(guān)閉 ....................................................... 1736.1.3 文件讀寫 .................................................................... 1746.1.4 文件定位 .................................................................... 1776.1.5 os 庫(kù) ......................................................................... 1786.1.6 time 庫(kù)....................................................................... 1816.2常用的格式文件 ................................................................. 1856.2.1 CSV 格式文件 ............................................................. 185IV目 錄6.2.2 JSON 格式文件 ............................................................. 1866.3 綜合案例 ............................................................................ 188 小結(jié) .......................................................................................... 189 習(xí)題六 ....................................................................................... 190第 7 章程序的異常處理 .........................................................................1927.1 程序的錯(cuò)誤和異常 ............................................................... 1927.2 捕獲異常 ............................................................................ 194小結(jié) .......................................................................................... 197習(xí)題七 ....................................................................................... 197第 8 章turtle 繪圖 ..................................................................................2018.1 畫布設(shè)置 ............................................................................ 2018.2 畫筆設(shè)置 ............................................................................ 2058.3 圖形繪制 ............................................................................ 2088.4 綜合案例 ............................................................................ 209小結(jié) .......................................................................................... 215習(xí)題八 ....................................................................................... 215第 9 章Python 的第三方庫(kù) ....................................................................2189.1 第三方庫(kù)概述 ...................................................................... 2189.2 第三方庫(kù)的獲取和安裝 ......................................................... 2189.3 jieba 庫(kù)及其使用 ................................................................. 2199.4 wordcloud 庫(kù)及其使用 ........................................................ 2239.5 Python 程序打包 ................................................................. 2269.6 綜合案例 ............................................................................ 227小結(jié) .......................................................................................... 232習(xí)題九 ....................................................................................... 232第 10 章Python 數(shù)據(jù)工程與可視化 .......................................................23410.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)爬蟲 .......................................................................... 23410.1.1 Requests ................................................................... 23510.1.2 beautifulsoup4 ........................................................... 23610.2 科學(xué)計(jì)算 .......................................................................... 23910.2.1 數(shù)組的創(chuàng)建 ................................................................. 24010.2.2 數(shù)組的屬性 ................................................................. 242VPython 程序設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)10.2.3 切片和索引 ................................................................. 24410.2.4 數(shù)組的變換 ................................................................. 24610.2.5 廣播 ........................................................................... 24810.3 可視化............................................................................... 25010.3.1 創(chuàng)建畫布和創(chuàng)建子圖 .................................................... 25010.3.2 添加畫布內(nèi)容 .............................................................. 25210.3.3 繪圖的顯示與保存........................................................ 25310.3.4 pyplot 的動(dòng)態(tài) rc 參數(shù) .................................................. 25310.3.5 常見圖形繪制 .............................................................. 25510.4 Pandas ............................................................................. 25910.4.1 Series ........................................................................ 25910.4.2 DataFrame ................................................................. 25910.4.3 數(shù)據(jù)查詢 .................................................................... 26110.4.4 數(shù)據(jù)清洗 .................................................................... 26210.5 綜合案例 ........................................................................... 265 小結(jié) ........................................................................................... 268 習(xí)題十 ........................................................................................ 268第 11 章Python 高級(jí)運(yùn)用 ......................................................................27011.1機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí) ........................................................................... 27111.1.1 scikit-learn ................................................................. 27111.1.2 TensorFlow ................................................................ 27111.1.3 Theano ...................................................................... 27211.1.4 Keras ......................................................................... 27211.1.5 PyTorch ..................................................................... 27211.2用戶圖形界面（GUI）.......................................................... 27311.2.1 PyQt5 ........................................................................ 27311.2.2 wxPython ................................................................... 27411.2.3 PyGTK ....................................................................... 27411.3Web 開發(fā) .......................................................................... 27511.3.1 Django ...................................................................... 27511.3.2 Pyramid ..................................................................... 27611.3.3 Flask ......................................................................... 27611.4游戲開發(fā) ........................................................................... 27711.4.1 Pygame ..................................................................... 27711.4.2 Panda3D.................................................................... 277VI目 錄11.4.3 cocos2d ................................................................... 27811.5其他第三方庫(kù) ................................................................... 27811.5.1 PIL ........................................................................... 27811.5.2 SymPy ...................................................................... 27911.5.3 NLTK ........................................................................ 27911.5.4 WeRoBot .................................................................. 279 11.5.5 MyQR ....................................................................... 280 小結(jié) ......................................................................................... 281 習(xí)題十一 ................................................................................... 281附錄 A Python 運(yùn)算符和優(yōu)先級(jí) .............................................................283附錄 B Python 保留字............................................................................284 附錄 C Python 內(nèi)置函數(shù) ........................................................................286 附錄 D Python 常用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù) ....................................................................289 附錄 E Python 常見第三方庫(kù) .................................................................290 附錄 F Python 常見內(nèi)置異常 .................................................................292 習(xí)題解答 ..................................................................................................294 參考文獻(xiàn) ..................................................................................................308