第 1 章 緒論····································································································1
1.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的誕生與發(fā)展········································································1
1.1.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的誕生·········································································1
1.1.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展·········································································2
1.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本概念········································································.11
1.2.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的定義······································································.11
1.2.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主要功能 ·······························································.13
1.2.3 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分類······································································.14
1.3 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組成··············································································.17
1.3.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組成結(jié)構(gòu) ·······························································.18
1.3.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) ·······························································.19
1.3.3 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的組成 ·······························································.21
1.4 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)········································································.25
1.4.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)的分層 ··································································.25
1.4.2 ISO/OSI 參考模型 ······································································.27
1.4.3 TCP/IP 模型··············································································.33
1.4.4 基于 OSI 的實(shí)用參考模型 ····························································.36
1.4.5 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及 RFC 文檔 ························································.38
1.5 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本理論問題··································································.39
本章小結(jié)·································································································.40
思考與練習(xí)······························································································.41
拓展閱讀·································································································.41
第 2 章 物理層通信························································································.42
2.1 物理層的基本概念和協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)·······························································.42
2.1.1 物理層接口的四種特性 ·······························································.42
2.1.2 物理層接口標(biāo)準(zhǔn)示例 ··································································.44
2.2 數(shù)據(jù)通信的理論基礎(chǔ)···········································································.47
2.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)············································································.47
2.2.2 數(shù)據(jù)通信的常用術(shù)語 ··································································.48
2.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能指標(biāo) ····························································.50
2.2.4 數(shù)據(jù)傳輸質(zhì)量參數(shù)······································································.52
2.3 數(shù)據(jù)編碼技術(shù)····················································································.54
2.3.1 模擬信號傳輸模擬數(shù)據(jù)·································································54
2.3.2 模擬信號傳輸數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)·································································55
2.3.3 數(shù)字信號傳輸數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)·································································56
2.3.4 數(shù)字信號傳輸模擬數(shù)據(jù)·································································59
2.4 數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式 ····················································································.60
2.4.1 數(shù)據(jù)通信方式·············································································60
2.4.2 數(shù)據(jù)同步方式·············································································62
2.5 傳輸介質(zhì) ··························································································.63
2.5.1 導(dǎo)向傳輸介質(zhì)·············································································63
2.5.2 非導(dǎo)向傳輸介質(zhì)··········································································65
2.6 多路復(fù)用技術(shù) ····················································································.68
2.6.1 頻分多路復(fù)用·············································································69
2.6.2 時分多路復(fù)用·············································································70
2.6.3 波分多路復(fù)用·············································································72
2.7 數(shù)據(jù)交換技術(shù) ····················································································.73
2.7.1 電路交換···················································································73
2.7.2 存儲轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)交換·············································································74
2.7.3 光交換······················································································77
本章小結(jié) ·································································································.79
思考與練習(xí) ······························································································.80
拓展閱讀 ·································································································.81
第 3 章 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路控制 ·····················································································.82
3.1 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層的基本概念 ········································································.82
3.1.1 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層的功能·······································································82
3.1.2 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層提供的服務(wù)·································································83
3.2 幀與幀同步技術(shù) ·················································································.84
3.2.1 幀的基本格式·············································································84
3.2.2 幀同步方法················································································85
3.3 差錯檢測和糾錯技術(shù) ···········································································.87
3.3.1 奇偶校驗(yàn)···················································································87
3.3.2 循環(huán)冗余校驗(yàn)·············································································88
3.3.3 校驗(yàn)和······················································································90
3.4 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路控制機(jī)制 ··············································································.91
3.4.1 滑動窗口機(jī)制·············································································91
3.4.2 停止等待式 ARQ 協(xié)議 ··································································93
3.4.3 后退 N 幀式 ARQ 協(xié)議 ·································································98
3.4.4 選擇重傳式 ARQ 協(xié)議 ··································································99
3.5 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路協(xié)議····················································································101
3.5.1 點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)協(xié)議···············································································101
3.5.2 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路協(xié)議實(shí)例······································································104
本章小結(jié)·································································································107
思考與練習(xí)······························································································108
拓展閱讀·································································································108
第 4 章 局域網(wǎng)······························································································109
4.1 局域網(wǎng)概述·······················································································109
4.1.1 局域網(wǎng)的基本概念······································································109
4.1.2 IEEE 802 局域網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系列····························································111
4.1.3 IEEE 802 局域網(wǎng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)·························································112
4.2 以太網(wǎng)工作原理················································································.116
4.2.1 IEEE 802.3 的幀格式···································································116
4.2.2 以太網(wǎng)介質(zhì)訪問控制（MAC）方法················································117
4.3 高速以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)·················································································121
4.3.1 快速以太網(wǎng)···············································································121
4.3.2 千兆以太網(wǎng)···············································································124
4.3.3 萬兆以太網(wǎng)···············································································128
4.4 交換機(jī)及其配置·················································································133
4.4.1 以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)············································································133
4.4.2 交換機(jī)的基本配置······································································136
4.4.3 交換機(jī)的端口配置······································································139
4.5 虛擬局域網(wǎng)（VLAN） ········································································142
4.5.1 VLAN 的基本概念 ·····································································142
4.5.2 VLAN 技術(shù)原理 ········································································143
4.5.3 VLAN 的實(shí)現(xiàn) ···········································································146
4.5.4 交換機(jī)的 VLAN 配置··································································147
4.6 無線局域網(wǎng)（WLAN）········································································150
4.6.1 WLAN 組成結(jié)構(gòu)········································································150
4.6.2 WLAN 幀結(jié)構(gòu)···········································································151
4.6.3 IEEE 802.11 MAC 協(xié)議································································153
4.6.4 無線個域網(wǎng)···············································································155
本章小結(jié)·································································································157
思考與練習(xí)······························································································158
拓展閱讀·································································································158
第 5 章 網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連及其協(xié)議···············································································159
5.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連概述····················································································159
5.1.1 何謂網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連··········································································.159
5.1.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連的類型及層次······························································.162
5.1.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層服務(wù)模型·······································································.163
5.2 第 4 版互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議（IPv4） ································································.165
5.2.1 IPv4 數(shù)據(jù)報格式 ······································································.165
5.2.2 IPv4 地址················································································.170
5.2.3 IP 子網(wǎng)劃分·············································································.173
5.2.4 無類別域間路由·······································································.177
5.2.5 地址解析················································································.179
5.3 差錯報告和控制機(jī)制 ·········································································.182
5.3.1 ICMP 報文格式········································································.182
5.3.2 ICMP 差錯報告報文··································································.183
5.3.3 ICMP 查詢報文········································································.185
5.4 IP 數(shù)據(jù)報轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)··················································································.187
5.4.1 IP 數(shù)據(jù)報轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)處理過程 ·····························································.187
5.4.2 IP 路由表················································································.188
5.4.3 IP 數(shù)據(jù)報轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)算法 ···································································.190
5.5 IP 組播和 IGMP················································································.195
5.5.1 IP 組播···················································································.195
5.5.2 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)組管理協(xié)議（IGMP） ······················································.197
5.6 第 6 版互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議（IPv6） ································································.200
5.6.1 IPv6 編址················································································.200
5.6.2 IPv6 數(shù)據(jù)報格式 ······································································.205
5.7 網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址轉(zhuǎn)換（NAT） ······································································.208
5.7.1 基本網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址轉(zhuǎn)換（Basic NAT）·················································.208
5.7.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址端口轉(zhuǎn)換（NAPT）······················································.209
本章小結(jié) ·······························································································.209
思考與練習(xí) ····························································································.210
拓展閱讀 ·······························································································.212
第 6 章 路由技術(shù) ·························································································.213
6.1 路由的基本概念 ···············································································.213
6.1.1 何謂路由················································································.213
6.1.2 路由選擇算法··········································································.216
6.2 路由信息協(xié)議（RIP） ·······································································.221
6.3 開放最短路徑優(yōu)先（OSPF）協(xié)議·························································.223
6.4 邊界網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議（BGP） ······································································.227
6.5 路由器及其配置 ···············································································.231
6.5.1 路由器的工作原理及構(gòu)成 ····························································231
6.5.2 路由器的配置環(huán)境······································································234
6.5.3 路由器的基本配置······································································239
6.5.4 動態(tài)路由協(xié)議配置······································································244
6.6 路由優(yōu)化··························································································249
6.6.1 路由重分發(fā)···············································································250
6.6.2 路由過濾··················································································254
6.6.3 策略路由··················································································257
6.7 多協(xié)議標(biāo)簽交換（MPLS）···································································261
6.7.1 MPLS 的基本概念······································································261
6.7.2 MPLS 的工作原理······································································262
本章小結(jié)·································································································263
思考與練習(xí)······························································································264
拓展閱讀·································································································265
第 7 章 網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸服務(wù)·····················································································266
7.1 傳輸層概述·······················································································266
7.1.1 傳輸層的位置············································································266
7.1.2 傳輸層的基本功能······································································266
7.1.3 傳輸層提供的服務(wù)······································································268
7.2 進(jìn)程間通信·······················································································271
7.2.1 端口及其作用············································································272
7.2.2 傳輸層的復(fù)用與解復(fù)用 ·······························································275
7.3 傳輸控制協(xié)議····················································································277
7.3.1 TCP 概述 ·················································································277
7.3.2 TCP 報文格式 ···········································································280
7.3.3 TCP 連接管理 ···········································································284
7.3.4 TCP 流量控制 ···········································································288
7.3.5 TCP 定時管理 ···········································································290
7.3.6 TCP 擁塞控制 ···········································································292
7.4 用戶數(shù)據(jù)報協(xié)議·················································································296
7.4.1 UDP 概述·················································································296
7.4.2 UDP 數(shù)據(jù)報格式········································································296
7.4.3 UDP 校驗(yàn)和··············································································297
7.5 Socket API 編程 ·················································································299
7.5.1 Socket API 的基本函數(shù)及其功能 ····················································299
7.5.2 Socket API 編程示例 ·········································································301
本章小結(jié)·································································································304
思考與練習(xí) ····························································································.305
拓展閱讀 ·······························································································.305
第 8 章 網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用及其協(xié)議·············································································.306
8.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用概述 ··················································································.306
8.1.1 應(yīng)用層的地位和作用·································································.306
8.1.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用模式··········································································.307
8.1.3 應(yīng)用層協(xié)議·············································································.311
8.2 Web 服務(wù)與 HTTP ·············································································.312
8.2.1 Web 服務(wù)工作原理····································································.312
8.2.2 統(tǒng)一資源定位器·······································································.315
8.2.3 超文本傳輸協(xié)議（HTTP） ·························································.316
8.3 文件傳輸與遠(yuǎn)程文件訪問 ···································································.324
8.3.1 文件傳輸協(xié)議··········································································.325
8.3.2 簡單文件傳輸協(xié)議····································································.327
8.3.3 Telnet 協(xié)議··············································································.328
8.4 電子郵件及其傳輸 ············································································.329
8.4.1 電子郵件系統(tǒng)··········································································.329
8.4.2 電子郵件報文格式和 MIME ························································.332
8.4.3 SMTP 郵件傳輸 ·······································································.334
8.4.4 郵件讀取協(xié)議··········································································.337
8.5 域名系統(tǒng) ························································································.339
8.5.1 域名的分層結(jié)構(gòu)·······································································.340
8.5.2 DNS 的工作機(jī)制 ······································································.342
8.6 動態(tài)主機(jī)配置協(xié)議 ············································································.347
8.6.1 DHCP 報文格式 ·······································································.347
8.6.2 簡單網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理協(xié)議（SNMP）······················································.348
本章小結(jié) ·······························································································.350
思考與練習(xí) ····························································································.351
拓展閱讀 ·······························································································.352
第 9 章 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全基礎(chǔ) ···················································································.353
9.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全概述 ··················································································.353
9.1.1 基本概念················································································.353
9.1.2 安全威脅················································································.356
9.1.3 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)················································································.357
9.1.4 安全模型················································································.358
9.2 密碼學(xué)基礎(chǔ) ·····················································································.359
9.2.1 密碼學(xué)基本思想及方法······························································.359
9.2.2 密碼系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成·········································································361
9.2.3 現(xiàn)代密碼體制············································································362
9.2.4 消息認(rèn)證和數(shù)字簽名 ··································································366
9.2.5 國家商用密碼算法簡介 ·······························································371
9.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全應(yīng)用····················································································372
9.3.1 IPSec 協(xié)議················································································372
9.3.2 虛擬專用網(wǎng)絡(luò)············································································376
9.3.3 Web 安全 ·················································································379
9.4 網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊與防御技術(shù)···········································································383
9.4.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊技術(shù)············································································383
9.4.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)防御技術(shù)············································································387
9.4.3 防火墻技術(shù)···············································································388
9.4.4 入侵檢測技術(shù)············································································394
本章小結(jié)·································································································400
思考與練習(xí)······························································································400
拓展閱讀·································································································401
第 10 章 新一代信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù) ··········································································402
10.1 信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)新形態(tài) ···············································································402
10.1.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與智能物聯(lián)網(wǎng)·································································402
10.1.2 云計(jì)算與云智算網(wǎng)絡(luò)·································································404
10.1.3 區(qū)塊鏈 ···················································································407
10.2 SDN/NFV························································································410
10.2.1 軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)（SDN）······························································410
10.2.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能虛擬化（NFV）···························································413
10.3 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)未來的發(fā)展 ············································································415
10.3.1 人工智能與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的深度融合·····················································415
10.3.2 量子通信網(wǎng)絡(luò) ··········································································417
10.3.3 下一代無線局域網(wǎng)和移動通信·····················································420
本章小結(jié)·································································································421
思考與練習(xí)······························································································421
拓展閱讀·································································································421
參考文獻(xiàn)·······································································································422