目 錄
第 1 章 光學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)常用器件說(shuō)明 ·······························································································1
1.1 底座類器件···················································································································1
1.1.1 磁性表座 ··········································································································1
1.1.2 帶轉(zhuǎn)接板的磁性表座·······················································································1
1.1.3 支桿底座 ··········································································································1
1.1.4 多孔固定板·······································································································1
1.2 支撐類器件···················································································································2
1.2.1 調(diào)節(jié)支座 ··········································································································2
1.2.2 支桿··················································································································2
1.2.3 螺旋高度調(diào)節(jié)架·······························································································2
1.2.4 一維精密平移臺(tái)（側(cè)推） ···············································································3
1.2.5 一維精密平移臺(tái)（正推） ···············································································3
1.2.6 二維精密平移臺(tái)·······························································································3
1.2.7 擺角器 ··············································································································3
1.2.8 手動(dòng)數(shù)顯平移臺(tái)·······························································································4
1.3 夾持類器件···················································································································4
1.3.1 干板架 ··············································································································4
1.3.2 帶膠墊的干板架·······························································································4
1.3.3 激光管夾持器···································································································4
1.4 鏡架類器件···················································································································5
1.4.1 簡(jiǎn)易鏡架 ··········································································································5
1.4.2 精密鏡架 ··········································································································5
1.4.3 偏心式鏡架·······································································································5
1.4.4 偏振片架 ··········································································································6
1.4.5 波片架 ··············································································································6
1.4.6 沃拉斯頓棱鏡轉(zhuǎn)接圈·······················································································6
1.5 光學(xué)元器件···················································································································7
1.5.1 平凸透鏡 ··········································································································7
1.5.2 雙凹透鏡 ··········································································································7
1.5.3 反射鏡 ··············································································································7
1.5.4 分光光楔 ··········································································································8
1.5.5 偏振片 ··············································································································8
1.5.6 波片··················································································································8
·VI·
1.5.7 中性密度濾光片·······························································································9
1.5.8 沃拉斯頓棱鏡···································································································9
1.5.9 顯微物鏡 ········································································································10
1.6 光源類器件·················································································································10
1.6.1 氦氖激光器·····································································································10
1.6.2 鈉燈················································································································11
1.6.3 溴鎢燈 ············································································································11
1.7 目標(biāo)物、待測(cè)物類器件······························································································11
1.7.1 可調(diào)狹縫 ········································································································11
1.7.2 物理光學(xué)孔板·································································································11
1.7.3 物理光學(xué)縫孔板·····························································································12
1.7.4 氣室················································································································12
1.7.5 幻燈片 ············································································································13
1.7.6 菲林格標(biāo)定板·································································································13
1.8 探測(cè)、接收類器件 ·····································································································13
1.8.1 白屏················································································································13
1.8.2 黑白 CMOS 相機(jī)····························································································14
1.8.3 彩色 CMOS 相機(jī)····························································································14
1.8.4 激光功率計(jì)·····································································································14
第 2 章 光學(xué)透鏡和光學(xué)反射鏡結(jié)構(gòu)及參數(shù)說(shuō)明 ··································································16
2.1 光學(xué)透鏡·····················································································································16
2.1.1 結(jié)構(gòu)················································································································16
2.1.2 材料················································································································17
2.1.3 增透膜 ············································································································18
2.1.4 K9 平凸透鏡（單層氯化鎂增透膜） ····························································18
2.1.5 K9 雙凹透鏡（單層氯化鎂增透膜） ····························································18
2.1.6 帶框透鏡 ········································································································19
2.2 光學(xué)反射鏡·················································································································19
2.2.1 為什么金屬膜反射鏡常帶保護(hù)膜··································································20
2.2.2 反射鏡鍍膜與溫度濕度的關(guān)系······································································20
2.2.3 激光損傷閾值·································································································20
2.2.4 保護(hù)銀反射鏡·································································································20
2.2.5 加強(qiáng)鋁反射鏡·································································································21
第 3 章 分光計(jì)的介紹及調(diào)節(jié)方法 ·························································································23
3.1 分光計(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu)·············································································································23
3.2 分光計(jì)的調(diào)節(jié)·············································································································25
3.2.1 目鏡調(diào)焦 ········································································································25
3.2.2 調(diào)節(jié)望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)平行光聚焦 ·············································································26
·VII·
3.2.3 調(diào)整望遠(yuǎn)鏡光軸與儀器主軸垂直··································································26
3.2.4 調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)程中遇到的問(wèn)題及解決方法······························································27
第 4 章 讀數(shù)顯微鏡的介紹及使用方法··················································································30
4.1 儀器簡(jiǎn)介·····················································································································30
4.2 儀器主要技術(shù)參數(shù) ·····································································································31
4.3 儀器結(jié)構(gòu)·····················································································································31
4.4 儀器的調(diào)整及使用方法······························································································32
4.4.1 JXD-Bb 型讀數(shù)顯微鏡的調(diào)整及使用····························································32
4.4.2 JXD-CCD 型讀數(shù)顯微鏡的調(diào)整及使用 ························································32
4.5 注意事項(xiàng)·····················································································································32
第 5 章 光學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)預(yù)備知識(shí)·····································································································34
5.1 光學(xué)元件和儀器的維護(hù)······························································································34
5.2 共軸調(diào)節(jié)·····················································································································35
5.3 消視差·························································································································36
5.4 儀器使用的其他注意事項(xiàng)··························································································37
5.5 課程實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)注意事項(xiàng)······························································································38
5.5.1 進(jìn)入實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行課堂實(shí)驗(yàn)的必備條件 ··························································38
5.5.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告要求·································································································38
第 6 章 基礎(chǔ)光學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)·············································································································40
實(shí)驗(yàn)一 薄透鏡的焦距測(cè)量·······························································································40
項(xiàng)目一 自準(zhǔn)直法測(cè)薄凸透鏡焦距··········································································41
項(xiàng)目二 用位移法測(cè)薄凸透鏡焦距··········································································43
項(xiàng)目三 凹透鏡的焦距測(cè)量 ·····················································································44
實(shí)驗(yàn)二 自組投影儀··········································································································46
實(shí)驗(yàn)三 自組顯微鏡··········································································································49
實(shí)驗(yàn)四 自組望遠(yuǎn)鏡··········································································································55
項(xiàng)目一 開(kāi)普勒望遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng) ·····················································································61
項(xiàng)目二 伽利略望遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng) ·····················································································63
實(shí)驗(yàn)五 分波面干涉——楊氏雙縫干涉 ···········································································65
實(shí)驗(yàn)六 分振幅干涉——牛頓環(huán)干涉···············································································69
實(shí)驗(yàn)七 光柵衍射實(shí)驗(yàn) ······································································································72
實(shí)驗(yàn)八 光的偏振特性 ······································································································75
項(xiàng)目一 起偏、檢偏及馬呂斯定律實(shí)驗(yàn)··································································75
項(xiàng)目二 沃拉斯頓棱鏡及偏振光檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)······························································78
項(xiàng)目三 波片的認(rèn)識(shí)、橢圓偏振光的獲取和檢測(cè)···················································80
第 7 章 綜合光學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)·············································································································85
實(shí)驗(yàn)一 光的空間相干性 ··································································································85
實(shí)驗(yàn)二 洛埃鏡干涉··········································································································92
·VIII·
實(shí)驗(yàn)三 橢偏儀測(cè)量薄膜厚度和折射率 ···········································································96
項(xiàng)目一 手動(dòng)橢偏儀測(cè)量薄膜厚度和折射率 ··························································99
項(xiàng)目二 自動(dòng)橢偏儀測(cè)量薄膜厚度和折射率 ························································106
實(shí)驗(yàn)四 旋光儀測(cè)定溶液的濃度及旋光度 ·····································································114
實(shí)驗(yàn)五 自組裝邁克耳孫干涉儀測(cè)量空氣折射率··························································119
實(shí)驗(yàn)六 單縫和圓孔的夫瑯禾費(fèi)衍射·············································································123
實(shí)驗(yàn)七 單色儀與光譜測(cè)量·····························································································130
實(shí)驗(yàn)八 用法布里-珀羅干涉儀測(cè)鈉黃光波長(zhǎng)差 ····························································143
第 8 章 設(shè)計(jì)性及研究性光學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn) ·······················································································148
實(shí)驗(yàn)一 紅外光源光譜特性、輻射強(qiáng)度空間分布及半值角的測(cè)量·······························148
實(shí)驗(yàn)二 精密測(cè)量微小位移量·························································································150
實(shí)驗(yàn)三 掠入射法測(cè)量液體的折射率·············································································152
實(shí)驗(yàn)四 數(shù)碼顯微鏡、望遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ·········································································153
實(shí)驗(yàn)五 利用石英玻璃棒（光纖）來(lái)測(cè)量微小溫度變化 ··············································154
實(shí)驗(yàn)六 利用衍射法進(jìn)行微小尺度的自動(dòng)化測(cè)量··························································156
實(shí)驗(yàn)七 光學(xué)元件質(zhì)量的檢測(cè)·························································································157